In the far north of Cameroon, the shell houses, a symbol of Mousgoum architecture, stand majestically, captivating visitors with their conical shape and decorative fluting. Made of clay, straw and plant glue, these dwellings can reach up to 8 metres in height. Their delicate and meticulous construction takes around six months and is particularly sensitive to bad weather. Unfortunately, the last original constructions disappeared in the 1970s, but preservation efforts began in the 1980s to safeguard this unique heritage.
Traditionally, a Mousgoum habitat consists of five huts: one for the chief, two for the wives, one for the kitchen, and one for the livestock, surrounded by a clay wall, and connected to each other. In the center is a millet granary, and outside, a palaver tree invites discussion.
The huts, called “Toleukakay” by the Mousgoums, are a testament to the architectural ingenuity of this people, whose creations come in different shapes, with geometric patterns that add an aesthetic touch to their functionality. Adapted to climatic conditions, they provide ventilation and protection, while being a sustainable alternative to cement.
Inside, a smoke hole at the top allows essential air circulation, while the entrance, narrow at the base and widened at the top, offers unique access. Historically, these constructions have left their mark, arousing the admiration of travelers and missionaries who described them as true works of art. André Gide himself had been impressed by these structures during his stay in Africa.
A project led by the NGO “Heritage without Borders” has enabled the reconstruction of these huts, thus linking the past to the present and rediscovering traditional know-how. These preservation efforts are not only a response to the disappearance of Mousgoum architecture, but also an attempt to keep alive the collective memory and cultural values of this fascinating people. The shell huts, true witnesses of local history and architecture, continue to inspire and fascinate, recalling the richness of Cameroon’s heritage.
